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The Encyclopedia of Horology

Europe · c. 1680 – c. 1930

Franche-Comté and the Comtoise Clock (Morbier)

Partially verified

The Franche-Comté region of eastern France, bordering the Swiss Jura, developed its own rural cottage-industry clockmaking tradition centred on the villages of Morbier and Morez from the late seventeenth century, producing the distinctive weight-driven 'comtoise' (or 'Morbier') clock — a tall, often heavily decorated longcase or wall clock with a characteristic visible pendulum bob and, frequently, a countwheel strike sounding twice for each hour, a folk-technical feature intended to help users confirm the hour if they missed the first strike.

Development

The Franche-Comté region of eastern France, bordering the Swiss Jura, developed its own rural cottage-industry clockmaking tradition centred on the villages of Morbier and Morez from the late seventeenth century, producing the distinctive weight-driven 'comtoise' (or 'Morbier') clock — a tall, often heavily decorated longcase or wall clock with a characteristic visible pendulum bob and, frequently, a countwheel strike sounding twice for each hour, a folk-technical feature intended to help users confirm the hour if they missed the first strike.

Comtoise production, like that of the Black Forest and the Swiss établissage system on the opposite side of the Jura, was organised as a dispersed farming-household winter trade supplying a large rural and provincial French market, and Morbier/Morez craftsmen shared skills and, at times, workers with the neighbouring Swiss watchmaking trade and with Besançon's later manufactory, reflecting the porous craft geography of the Jura frontier region.

Comtoise clock production industrialised over the nineteenth century and continued at commercial scale into the early twentieth, declining thereafter with the general contraction of French rural cottage clockmaking; comtoise clocks remain a well-recognised French antique category, with the Musée de l'Horlogerie at Morez/Morbier documenting the regional trade.

Centres

  • Morbier
  • Morez

Innovations

  • The comtoise (Morbier) clock format: weight-driven movement, characteristic visible pendulum, and a countwheel strike repeating the hour
  • A dispersed rural cottage-industry production system on the French side of the Jura, paralleling the Swiss établissage system across the border

Typical movements & designs

  • Weight-driven comtoise trains with countwheel repeating strike mechanisms
  • Comtoise longcase and wall clocks with ornate cast or painted decoration and a visible brass pendulum bob
  • Repeating countwheel strike sounding the hour a second time shortly after the first

Famous objects

  • Surviving comtoise clocks widely held in French regional museums and the antiques trade, and documented at the Morez/Morbier clock museum

Collecting traditions

Comtoise clocks are a well-established and widely available French antique collecting category, generally identified by case style and movement construction rather than by individually documented named makers, similar in this respect to the Black Forest cuckoo-clock trade.

Photographs

Horloge comtoise 0001
Horloge comtoise 0001 — Arnaud 25, CC BY-SA 3.0. Wikimedia Commons file page
Comtoise-Standuhr 1870s VLM
Comtoise-Standuhr 1870s VLM — Photo: Andreas Praefcke, Public domain. Wikimedia Commons file page
Comtoise-Wanduhr 1830er img01 VLM
Comtoise-Wanduhr 1830er img01 VLM — Photo: Andreas Praefcke, Public domain. Wikimedia Commons file page
Comtoise-Wanduhr 1830er img02 VLM
Comtoise-Wanduhr 1830er img02 VLM — Photo: Andreas Praefcke, Public domain. Wikimedia Commons file page
Early French Comtoise Clock, Morbier Clock - Manufactured In The Franche-Comte Region Of France 7"X10"X16"
Early French Comtoise Clock, Morbier Clock - Manufactured In The Franche-Comte Region Of France 7"X10"X16" — invaluable.com, Rights unverified — web image search result, review pending. Web page (invaluable.com)
Early French Comtoise Clock, Morbier Clock - Manufactured In The Franche-Comte Region Of France 7"X10"X16"
Early French Comtoise Clock, Morbier Clock - Manufactured In The Franche-Comte Region Of France 7"X10"X16" — invaluable.com, Rights unverified — web image search result, review pending. Web page (invaluable.com)
Early French Comtoise Clock, Morbier Clock - Manufactured In The Franche-Comte Region Of France 7"X10"X16"
Early French Comtoise Clock, Morbier Clock - Manufactured In The Franche-Comte Region Of France 7"X10"X16" — invaluable.com, Rights unverified — web image search result, review pending. Web page (invaluable.com)
19th Century French Comtoise or Morbier Grandfather Clock For Sale at ...
19th Century French Comtoise or Morbier Grandfather Clock For Sale at ... — 1stdibs.com, Rights unverified — web image search result, review pending. Web page (1stdibs.com)

Photographs are illustrative examples of the type, not necessarily the exact object described. Verify details against the source file page.

Sources & references

  1. General French regional decorative-arts literature on the comtoise clock tradition
  2. Landes, D., Revolution in Time

Where sources disagree, the disagreement is stated rather than resolved silently.